Organizing data means sorting objects or responses into categories and representing them visually with a simple graph or picture chart. Children might sort colored bears and record totals, or graph class votes on a favorite fruit. This introduces the idea that math can be used to describe the real world.
Conduct simple class surveys (favorite color, pet, weather) and record results on a large class graph. Ask questions like 'Which group has the most? How many more?' to connect data to comparison.
You already know how to count objects to 20 and how to sort things into groups by color, size, or shape. Data and graphs take those two skills and combine them: first you sort, then you count each group, and then you show the results so everyone can see them at a glance.
Imagine your class is voting on favorite fruits: apple, banana, or orange. Each child raises their hand once. You can sort the votes into three groups — one for each fruit — just like sorting blocks by color. Then you count how many are in each group. Now you have three numbers. A graph shows those numbers visually so you can compare them without doing any extra counting.
The most common type at this level is a picture graph or bar graph. In a picture graph, each vote gets a little picture (like a drawing of the fruit). In a bar graph, each vote fills in one square in a column. The taller the column, the more votes that fruit got. The important thing to remember is that each square or picture stands for exactly one vote — not two, not a whole bunch, just one.
Once your graph is drawn, you can answer questions like "Which fruit got the most votes?" (the tallest column) or "How many more people voted for apples than bananas?" (count the difference). That is the whole point of organizing data: turning a messy list of answers into a picture that makes it easy to compare and understand.